Frontotemporal Dementia: Early Signs and Brain Health After 40
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) became widely known after actor Bruce Willis’s family shared his diagnosis. Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, FTD often starts earlier, frequently between 40 and 65, and usually affects behaviour, personality or language before memory. Knowing the early signs helps families get help sooner. This guide explains the basics and what you can do for your brain health.
What is frontotemporal dementia?
FTD is a group of disorders caused by damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, the areas that control behaviour, emotions and language. It is one of the more common causes of dementia in people under 65.
Early signs to watch for
- Changes in personality or behaviour, such as loss of empathy or acting impulsively.
- Trouble planning, organising or making decisions.
- Difficulty finding words or understanding speech.
- New compulsive habits or changes in eating.
- Loss of interest in people or activities.
These signs can have other causes, including depression or thyroid problems, so a proper medical assessment is essential.
How FTD differs from Alzheimer’s
Alzheimer’s disease usually begins with memory problems in older age. FTD more often starts with behaviour or language changes and can begin in midlife. Diagnosis involves a neurologist, cognitive tests and brain imaging.
Caring for someone with FTD
- Get a diagnosis early and learn about the specific type.
- Keep routines simple and predictable.
- Look after your own sleep, health and support network.
- Connect with specialist organisations for practical help.
Protecting your brain health after 40
There is no proven way to prevent FTD, which is often linked to genetics. But the habits that protect your brain in general are worth building now: regular exercise, good sleep, social connection and heart-healthy food. Read more in our guide to brain health and our better sleep tips.
